What condition is Sam likely experiencing due to increased cortisol levels?

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by elevated levels of cortisol in the body, often due to various factors such as adrenal tumors, pituitary tumors (Cushing's disease), or external sources of glucocorticoids. This condition results in a range of symptoms including weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, changes in skin appearance, hypertension, and psychological changes. The excess cortisol can disrupt normal bodily functions, leading to distinct physical and metabolic changes.

In contrast, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism relate to thyroid hormone imbalances rather than cortisol levels. Diabetes insipidus involves a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leading to excessive urination and thirst, which is again not directly related to cortisol. Therefore, the presence of increased cortisol levels aligns specifically with Cushing's syndrome and not the other conditions listed.